A GIS-assisted framework for maritime network design and evaluation under electrification

Abstract

This study presents a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based framework for the sustainable redesign of coastal maritime networks under electrification, applied to the Greek Coastal Shipping Network (GCSN) in the Aegean Sea. The methodology addresses key challenges in maritime decarbonization, including limited vessel range, fragmented insular connectivity, and infrastructure constraints, while acknowledging methodological limitations such as the even allocation of CO₂ emissions across ports and the exclusion of seasonal demand variability—both identified as priorities for future research. The framework integrates zero-emission ferry routes to enhance network accessibility, cohesion, and environmental performance, introducing a novel Network Efficiency Contribution (NEC) Index that combines connectivity, environmental, passenger demand, and zero-emission route efficiency metrics. Spatial data analytics and density-based clustering are used to identify pivotal nodes, optimal electrified connections, and infrastructure investment priorities. Application to the GCSN demonstrates substantial potential for greenhouse gas emissions reduction, with up to 69 % lower daily fuel consumption, and improved travel times, while maintaining service levels. The proposed approach supports strategic decision-making for maritime electrification, highlights the underutilized potential of spatial analysis in transport planning, and offers a replicable, adaptable decision support tool for policymakers, researchers, and maritime operators seeking to establish low-carbon, socially equitable shipping networks.